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1. "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"結構
"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高級比較的意思,"Nothing I"可換用"no","nobody","nowhere","little","few","hardly","scarcely"等等,可譯為"沒有……比……更為","像……再沒有了","最……"等。
例.Nothing is more precious than time.
2. "cannot…too…"結構
"cannot…too…"意為"It is impossible to overdo…"或者,即"無論怎樣……也不算過分"。 "not"可換用"hardly","scarcely"等,"too"可換用"enough", "sufficient"等。
例.You cannot be too careful.
3. "否定+but "結構
在否定詞後面的" but",具有"which not","who not","that not",等等否定意義,構成前後的雙重否定。可譯成"沒有……不是"或"……都……"等。
例.Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
4. "否定+until (till)"結構
在否定詞"no","not ",;seldom"等的後邊所接用的"until/till",多數情況下譯為"直到……才……","要……才……",把否定譯為肯定。
例.Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
5. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"結構
這兩個結構和"否定+but"的結構差不多,不同之點是這兩個結構中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的連續詞,表示程度。可譯為"還沒有……到不能做……的程度","並不是……不……","無論怎樣……也不是不能……"等。
例.He is not so sick but he can come to school.
6. "疑問詞+should…but "結構
這個結構表示過去的意外的事,意為"none…but",可譯為"除了……還有誰會……","豈料","想不到……竟是……"等。
例.Who should write it but himself?
7. "who knows but (that)…"和" who could should…but"結構
這個結構是反問形式,一般意譯為"多半","亦未可知"等等,有時也可直譯。
例.Who knows but (that) he may go?
8. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"結構
"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…","祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you。
例.Add love to aa home. Add righteousness to a city and you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.
9. "名詞+and"結構
在這個結構中,名詞等於狀語從句,或表示條件,或表示時間。
例.A word, and he would lose his temper.
10. "as…,so…"結構
這裡的"so"的意思是"in the same way"(也是如此)。此結構表明兩個概念在程度上和關係上相似。
例.As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
11. "if any"結構
"if any"和"if ever",意思是"果真有……","即使有……",表示加強語氣。與此類似的還有:"if anything"(如有不同的話,如果稍有區別),"if a day"(=at least,至少)。
例.There is little, if any, hope.
12. "be it ever(never)so"和"let it be ever(never)so"結構
這裡,"be it"中的"be"是古英語假設語氣的遺留形式,現代英語則使用"let it be"。 "ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思,都表示"very"。
例.Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
13. "the last+不定式"和"the last +定語從詞"結構
這種結構中的"last"意思是"the least likely",用於否定性推論。可譯為"最不大可能的","最不合適的",由原意的"最後一個……"變成"最不可能……的一個"。
例.He is the last man to accept a bride.
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