Casey

這兩篇新聞都在討論人類的想法，是非常值得去欣賞的文章，在悠閒之餘多看看文章，充實自己

Using Facebook makes you shallow, according to psychologists 心理學家指出，使用臉書使人膚淺   ◎陳正健

Texting and using social media can result in cognitive and moral "shallowness". Research shows people who frequently text or use social media were less likely to engage in "reflective thought". The study assessed participant's texting and social media habits and measured how reflective they were, as well as analysing their attitudes towards certain moral or hedonistic life goals.

傳簡訊和使用社群媒體，會導致認知和道德上的「膚淺」。研究顯示，頻繁傳送簡訊或使用社群媒體的人，較不容易「反躬自省」。該研究評估受測者傳送簡訊和使用社群媒體的習慣，評量他們如何反省自我，並分析他們的道德態度，或是否有享樂主義的人生觀。

The study found the more participants texted, the less likely they were to place importance on moral life goals and more likely to view hedonism as important. The study also found that people who used more social media were less likely to be reflective than people who used it less.

研究發現，愈常傳送簡訊的人，愈不會把實踐道德視為重要的人生目標，且較容易將縱情享樂視為重要之事。研究也發現，較常使用社群媒體的人，相較於不愛使用的人，比較不會反省自我。

Tech writer Nicholas G Carr, in his Pulitzer nominated book The Shallows, discussed the possibility that the internet is changing "the way we think, read and remember". Carr speculated that the internet was causing a decline in reflective thought. The reason for this is largely the fast-paced nature of internet communication, which usually involves short comments and messages that don’t take long to process.

科技作家尼可拉斯．卡爾曾以《網路讓我們變笨？》一書獲得普立茲獎提名，該書探討網路可能改變我們「思考、閱讀與記憶的方式」。卡爾推測，網路會使人們減少反思。主因是網路訊息傳遞快速，包含的評論和訊息都相當簡短，無須花長時間消化。

His idea is that as we get more used to short and fast communication, we also get used to similarly short and fast thinking. Maybe that’s why using Facebook make you "shallow".

他認為，當我們習慣既簡短又快速的溝通方式後，我們也會養成又快又短的思考模式。或許這就是使用「臉書」讓人「膚淺」的原因。

新聞辭典

shallow：形容詞，淺的，膚淺的。例句：All his books are shallow.（他的著作都很膚淺。）

hedonism：名詞，享樂主義、快樂論。例句：Hedonism has been criticized over the years by the conservative party.（享樂主義多年來都飽受保守黨批評。）

reflective：形容詞，反省的，反射的。例句： Reflective thinking is important to young adolescents.（反省思考對年輕人很重要。）

One in two women has negative outlook on marriage in Japan and South Korea 日本和南韓2分之1女性對婚姻前景悲觀  ◎陳正健

More than half of women in Japan and South Korea put their careers before their marriages, a survey showed. Korean newspaper JoongAng Ilbo and Japan's business and economic news daily The Nikkei conducted a survey about career and parenting involving 1,000 Koreans and 1,158 Japanese aged in their 20s to 40s.

一項調查顯示，超過半數的日本和南韓婦女，將事業擺在婚姻前面。韓國報紙「中央日報」與日本產經報紙「日經新聞」進行一項關於事業與子女養育的調查，以1000名韓國人與1158名日本人為樣本，他們的年齡介於20幾歲到40幾歲之間。

The results revealed that 61 percent of Korean respondents and 53 percent of Japanese respondents had a negative outlook on marriage. Asked about the necessity of marriage, 72 percent of Korean females and 61 percent of Japanese females said they did not have to marry. Fifty percent of Korean males and 45 percent of Japanese males said the same.

調查結果顯示，61%韓國受訪者和53%日本受訪者，對婚姻前景悲觀。當被問及是否一定要結婚時，72%韓國女性和61%日本女性指出，她們不一定要結婚。50%韓國男性和45%日本男性也是如此表示。

Asked about the cause of the low birthrate in both countries, 27 percent of Korean females cited "incompatibility between work and family life." "Insecurity about jobs and the economy" (25 percent) and "late marriage or remaining single" (10 percent) came second and third.

當被問及這兩個國家低生育率的原因時，27%韓國女性指出「工作與家庭生活難相容」為主因，「對工作和經濟感到不安」（25%）及「晚婚或維持單身」（10%）則名列第二和第三。

For Japanese women, "late marriage or remaining single" came first at 24 percent, followed by "insecurity about jobs and the economy" (24 percent) and "insecurity of future" (16 percent).

對日本婦女而言，「晚婚或維持單身」是最主要原因，比率達24%，接著才是「對工作和經濟感到不安」（24%），以及「對未來感到不安」（16%）。

Male respondents in both countries cited "insecurity about jobs and the economy" as the main cause of the low birthrate.

兩國男性受訪者都指出「對工作和經濟感到不安」，是低生育率的主因。

新聞辭典

outlook：名詞，展望，前景，觀點。例句：The economic outlook is bright.（經濟前景一片光明。）

parenting：養育，撫養，教養。例句：The goal of parenting is to prevent the adolescent from making mistakes.（教養之目的是防止青少年犯錯。）

incompatibility：名詞，不協調，不一致，不相容。例句：Users can download songs freely and legally but have to face the problem of incompatibility.（用戶可以免費且合法地下載歌曲，但必須面臨無法相容的問題。）

(文字出處 自由時報)