Casey

現在的污染真的好嚴重阿!!!我們應該要多保護地球

Put pedestrians first to tackle air pollution in London 解決倫敦空污問題 行人為首要之急   ◎孫宇青

London is one of the most polluted cities in Europe. We cannot keep this under wraps if we are to address the problem.

倫敦是歐洲污染最嚴重的城市之一，要解決這個問題，就不能隱瞞這個事實。

The high pollution levels in the city are harmful to everyone – they’re associated with asthma, premature births, lung cancer and heart disease. For children though, the risk of exposure to air pollution is even higher. Studies also show that children absorb pollutants and retain them in the body for longer.

這座城市高污染的程度對每個人都有害，可能會導致氣喘、早產、肺癌和心臟疾病。對兒童而言，暴露在空氣污染中所造成的風險更高。研究也顯示，兒童吸收的污染物殘留在身體裡的時間更長。

We simply need to combat this problem. By popularizing walking we can reduce congestion and pollution and keep people safe.

我們必須解決這個問題，藉著推廣步行運動，我們可以減少交通擁擠、空氣污染，也能讓行人更加安全。

London mayor Sadiq Khan demonstrated his commitment to tackling air pollution in his "Manifesto for all Londoners". He’s going to pedestrianize Oxford Street and named cycling and walking safety as a priority.

倫敦市長薩迪可汗在「致全體倫敦人宣言」中承諾處理空氣污染問題。他將會把牛津街規劃成人行道，並將騎腳踏車和步行民眾的安全視為首要之務。

For the mayor to address the huge public health issue of air pollution, he needs to put walking first throughout London. The promises of safe walking routes to school need to be linked to a target of getting more children walking to school.

這位市長若要解決空氣污染造成的公共衛生議題，就必須將步行優先推廣至倫敦各處。承諾規劃安全步行上學路徑的同時，也要進一步達成讓更多兒童走路上學的目標。

新聞辭典

under wraps：慣用片語，保密。例句：The plan will be kept under wraps until tomorrow. （這項計畫要到明天才能對外透露。）

asthma：名詞，氣喘。例句：Anyone who suffers asthma is not allowed to join the marathon. （氣喘患者不能參加馬拉松。）

pedestrianize：動詞，使…成為行人專用。例句：The historic street will be pedestrianized. （這條老街將被規劃為行人專用道。）

Girls spend 40% more time on chores than boys, UN report finds 聯合國報告發現，女孩多花40%的時間從事家務   ◎陳正健

Unicef said Girls between 5 and 14 years old spend 40 percent more time a day on unpaid household chores compared to boys their age. In all, girls spend 160 million more hours than boys doing household chores everyday worldwide.

聯合國兒童基金會表示，5至14歲的女孩，比起同年齡的男孩，一天多花40%的時間從事沒有支薪的家務。總計，全球女孩每天比男孩多花1億6000萬個小時在家事上。

Two out of three girls cook and clean in the home, and almost half collect water or firewood. They also perform more "less visible" domestic work like childcare or looking after the elderly. The organization also found that the extra workload increased with time：between ages five and nine, girls spend 30% more time on chores - by 14, it rises to 50%.

有3分之2的女孩在家烹煮和打掃，而且幾乎近半數都有收集用水和柴火。她們也從事更多「較不明顯」的家務，像是照顧小孩或老人。該組織也發現，額外的工作負擔也會隨著時間增加：5至9歲的女孩多花30%時間在家事上，到了14歲則增至50%。

The countries with the highest gender gap are Burkina Faso, Yemen, and Somalia. In Somalia, girls between 10 and 14 years old spend 26 hours a week on household chores - the most of any country.

性別差距最大的國家是布吉納法索、葉門和索馬利亞。在索馬利亞，10至14歲的女孩一週要花26小時從事家務，是所有國家之最。

"Girls sacrifice important opportunities to learn, grow and enjoy their childhood. This unequal distribution of labour among children also perpetuates gender stereotypes and the double burden on women and girls across generations." Unicef’s Anju Malhotra said.

聯合國兒童基金會的安裘．瑪爾霍特拉表示：「女孩犧牲學習、成長和享受童年的重要機會。兒童身上的這種不平等勞力分配，也會持續促成性別刻板印象，並加重跨世代女性和女孩的負擔。」

新聞辭典

firewood：名詞，木柴， 柴火。例句：One group left the camp to collect firewood.（一個小組離開營隊去收集柴火。）

workload：名詞，工作量，工作負擔。例句：She collapsed under the heavy workload.（她在沉重的工作負擔下崩潰。）

stereotype：名詞，刻板印象。例句：Gender stereotypes are usually shown in television advertisements.（性別板刻印象經常出現在電視廣告中。）